KUNG SI MARCOS PO MISMO AY KINABAHAN SA BATAAN NUCLEAR POWER PLANT, NA IKINABAON NATIN SA UTANG FOR 31 YEARS, BAKIT PO IPINANGANGALANDAKAN NA PROUD ACCOMPLISHMENT NIYA ITO?
By Maria Lourdes Sereno
Marami pong Marcos family supporters ang hindi matanggap ang katotohanan ng post ko na bangkarote na noon pang 1983 ang pamahalaan ni Pangulong Marcos, kaya’t nagdesisyon siya na simulan na ang pagbebenta ng government assets. Kahit nasa post ko na yung mismong Presidential Decree No. 2030 na linked sa Official Gazette, in denial pa rin sila. Sabi nila, hindi naman daw po si Marcos ang nagpalubog sa Pilipinas, kundi si Pangulong Corazon Aquino, kasi “Golden Age” daw po ng Pilipinas noong si Marcos ay Pangulo.
Isa pong reklamo nila ay ang hindi pagbubukas ni Cory ng Bataan Nuclear Power Plant (BNPP). Sabi nila, para na lamang itinapon ni Cory ang pera at dahil hindi napakinabangan ng Pilipinas ang nuclear power plant, hindi tuloy bumababa ang presyo ng kuryente sa Pilipinas. Bakit nga ba hindi binuksan ni Cory ang BNPP?
Maaalala po natin that on March 28, 1979, nagkaroon ng aksidente sa Nuclear Power Plant sa Three Mile Island sa Pennsylvania, USA. Na-alarm ang buong mundo sa aksidenteng iyon. At the time of the Three Mile Island accident, 3 years into construction na ang BNPP.
Lumalabas po na nagkaroon din ng malakas na pagdududa si Marcos tungkol sa BNPP after that accident. Naglabas siya ng two official sets of instructions tungkol dito: ang Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. 876 signed on June 16, 1979 at ang LOI No. 957 signed on November 17, 1979.
Nag-form si Marcos ng Cabinet-level “Committee to Conduct an Inquiry on the Safety to the Public of the Proposed Nuclear Plant in the Country” at binigyan niya ng instructions sa LOI 876. Observe niyo po, ang tawag niya sa BNPP which was already in the third year of construction ay “proposed nuclear plant in the country.” Ang tindi, ano po? Parang may pahiwatig, na walang complete staff work before nag-start ang construction.
May mga katanungan si Marcos that he wanted the Committee to investigate, tungkol sa safeguards para siguraduhin na hindi mangyayari sa BNPP yung nangyari sa Three Mile Island. Ang pinaka-intriguing questions na itinanong ni Marcos ay yung question # 5 – # 7 sa LOI 876. Intriguing kasi bakit 3 years into the construction lang itinanong ni Marcos ang mga ito? Posible kayang ang mga pinakamahahalagang tanong ukol sa safety ng publiko ay hindi ni Marcos inuna, kundi maaaring pinasok na kaagad ang proyektong ito kahit may importanteng unsettled issues:
“Q#5. In case there should be an earthquake similar to the one that hit Mindanao in August 1977, which was of 7.2 intensity on the Richter scale, will the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant be able to withstand the shock without leak or spillage resulting in nuclear contamination? Can it withstand a tsunami or tidal wave caused by earthquake or tectonic origin similar to the tsunami that hit Mindanao in August 1977?
”Q#6. Is the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant located in a fault in the earth’s surface?
“Q#7. What is the history of earthquakes in the particular site of the Bataan Nuclear Power Plant?”
After 5 months, ito ang lumabas na report ng Committee ni Marcos, at ito ang naging utos niya:
“The Commission on Nuclear Reactor Plants, which I created on June 15, 1979, has submitted a report to me containing the facts found and the conclusions drawn by it in the course of its official inquiry.
“Among other things, the Commission has come to the conclusion that, AS DESIGNED, THE BATAAN NUCLEAR PLANT IS NOT SAFE, AND THEREFORE IS A POTENTIAL HAZARD TO THE HEALTH AND SAFETY OF THE PUBLIC.
“In view of these findings, it will not be possible to continue with the construction of the Bataan Nuclear Plant unless the contractor, Westinghouse, introduces fundamental changes in design and adapts additional, adequate and acceptable safeguards to ensure its safety and protect the health of the public.”
Hindi po natin alam kung completely rectified na yung defects ng BNPP nang si Marcos ay napaalis sa pwesto. Hindi po ever na-inaugurate ni Marcos ang planta kahit sinasabi ng Westinghouse na ready na ito by January 1985.
At the end of the project, matatandaan po natin na lumobo ang original price ng Westinghouse for the BNPP from USD 500 million to USD 2 billion. Sinasabi pong binayaran natin ang loan na iyan for 31 long years since construction began; nag-end lang ang payments natin in April of 2007. At sinasabi pong 10% ng ating annual loan payments from 1986 until 2007 ay napunta dito, bukod pa sa maintenance costs ng planta hanggang ngayon. Malinaw po na nakuba ang Pilipino sa kakabayad ng utang na ito. Kung si Marcos po ay nag-conclude na unsafe ito in 1979, at in 1986 ay hindi pa ito na-start para gawing operational nang siya ay umalis, ano po ang level of safety kung pinaandar ni Cory ito noong siya ay nag-take over na as President? At bakit kay Cory lahat ang sisi samantalang maraming brinaso si Marcos para matuloy ang proyektong ito sa nakakalulang halaga?
Marami pong articles sa internet tungkol sa BNPP. Pero, mukhang itong galing sa CNN International at Fortune Magazine ang pinaka-comprehensive na report on the BNPP. Kasama dito ang scientific findings ng International Atomic Energy Agency, ang kwento ng head ng Philippine Atomic Energy Commission, at ang side ng Westinghouse at General Electric na original bidder ng project. Meron ding magandang kwento yung mga opisyales ni Marcos, na mismong nag-try na mag-resist sa pag-award ng kontrata sa Westinghouse. Meron din ditong kwento tungkol sa mga komisyon, at kung paano si Marcos nagse-set aside na lang ng mga good advice. Palagay ko po, magkaka-ideya na tayo kung paano pinatakbo ni Pangulong Marcos ang Pilipinas when he had absolute power, at kung bakit hanggang ngayon, naghihirap pa rin ang bayan natin. On your own po, lalo na yung mga techie at science people, baka makaka-form na kayo ng opinion sa sitwasyon na hinarap ni Cory noong 1986.
I-highlight ko lang po ang isang portion ng article involving the findings of the International Atomic Energy Agency:
“He (Librado Ibe, the head of the Philippine Atomic Energy Commission) doubted that the company had adequately considered the dangers posed by earthquakes and by Mount Natib, the dormant volcano five miles away.
“… The (IAEA) team drafted a report saying Ebasco Services had improperly addressed both the earthquake and volcanic hazards, and recommended that National Power halt construction until Ebasco performed more tests. Westinghouse reportedly had spent about $200 million on the plant by then… The main point of contention between Ebasco and the IAEA team concerned the volcano. If it erupts, the volcano could send lava pouring over the plant, engulf it in a cloud of 8,000 0 F gases, or bury it under a mountain of ash. Ebasco’s position was that Mount Natib, which has not erupted in an estimated 70,000 years, poses no serious threat. Ebasco also maintained that if the volcano does blow, the eruption would occur on the east flank of the mountain, away from the plant. It argued that a west-flank eruption facing the plant is impossible. The issue was crucial. If a west-flank eruption were considered possible, as the IAEA contended, the site could have been ruled out. In a memo to senior vice president Whitehead, a project manager named John Hazak said that the plant could not be made safe from a west-flank eruption even if National Power knew it was coming long enough to remove the nuclear fuel. ”Removal of fuel will not make the plant safe,” Hazak wrote, ”as the radioactive gases, solid waste, and plant equipment could be scattered to the wind contaminating a wide area.”
Ito po yung relevant links. Pakibasa po:
https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/…/letter-of…/